Some supported such new causes as Zionism, the Popular Front and communism, the latter two being popular among the French political left.ĭuring World War II, the Vichy government collaborated with Nazi occupiers to deport a large number of both French Jews and foreign Jewish refugees to concentration camps. These new arrivals were much less interested in assimilation into French culture. In addition, numerous Jewish refugees and immigrants came from Russia and eastern and central Europe in the early 20th century, changing the character of French Judaism in the 1920s and 1930s. A more traditional Judaism was based in Alsace-Lorraine, which was taken by Germany in 1871 and recovered by France in 1918 following World War I. Antisemitism still occurred in cycles and reached a high in the 1890s, as shown during the Dreyfus affair, and in the 1940s, under Nazi occupation and the Vichy regime.īefore 1919, most French Jews lived in Paris, with many being very proud to be fully assimilated into French culture, and they comprised an upscale subgroup. During the French Revolution in the late 18th century, on the other hand, France was the first European country to emancipate its Jewish population. France was a centre of Jewish learning in the Middle Ages, but persecution increased over time, including multiple expulsions and returns.
The history of the Jews in France deals with Jews and Jewish communities in France since at least the Early Middle Ages.
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